What Is a 3-Cylinder Motorcycle? Pros, Cons, and Recommended Models

What is a 3-cylinder motorcycle?

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While single, two, and four-cylinder motorcycles are common, 3-cylinder motorcycles have emerged in recent years and are often praised for combining the best features of both two and four-cylinder engines.

Let's take a look at what a 3-cylinder motorcycle is, its basic definition, structure, and mechanism.

Basic definition of a 3-cylinder motorcycle

A 3-cylinder motorcycle is a bike equipped with a 3-cylinder engine (an engine with three cylinders), offering a unique riding experience that combines characteristics of both 2-cylinder and 4-cylinder engines.

It provides smoother acceleration than a 2-cylinder engine, revving smoothly from low to high RPMs. Its exhaust note combines the throaty sound of a 2-cylinder with the high-pitched wail of a 4-cylinder when the engine is pushed.

Although Suzuki and Kawasaki released 3-cylinder motorcycles in the 1970s, they temporarily disappeared from the market. However, in 2014, Yamaha released the 3-cylinder MT-09, bringing renewed attention to 3-cylinder motorcycles.

<h3>Engine Structure and Mechanism</h3>

A 3-cylinder engine has three cylinders arranged in either a parallel or V-formation.

The cylinders fire in a 1-3-2 sequence, with each cylinder igniting at 240-degree intervals, resulting in uniform combustion.

3-cylinder engines can generate shaking vibrations, which are counteracted by using balance weights.

Characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of 3-cylinder motorcycles

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What are the characteristics of 3-cylinder motorcycles, which are equipped with engines having three cylinders?

Let's also look at the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of 3-cylinder motorcycles.

Characteristics of 3-cylinder engines

3-cylinder engines are said to combine the best features of 2-cylinder and 4-cylinder engines, characterized by good low-speed torque, excellent high-rev extension, and well-balanced engine characteristics.

While engines with more cylinders generally have less vibration and more power, 3-cylinder engines have reduced vibration compared to 2-cylinder engines and are powerful.

Another characteristic is that they are more compact and lighter than 4-cylinder engines, contributing to a lighter vehicle body.

Advantages of 3-cylinder engines

The advantages of 3-cylinder engines are as follows:

Less vibration than 2-cylinders
Easy to handle with torque from low speeds
Lighter compared to 4-cylinders

While motorcycle engines generally have less vibration as the number of cylinders increases, 3-cylinder engines, having more cylinders than 2-cylinder engines, also exhibit reduced engine vibration.

Another advantage of 3-cylinder engines is their ample torque from low RPMs, making them easy to ride and handle for starting and city commuting.

Furthermore, because the engine is lighter compared to a 4-cylinder, it contributes to a lighter motorcycle and improved fuel efficiency.

Disadvantages of 3-cylinder engines

3-cylinder engines also have the following disadvantages, which should be understood along with their advantages:

More vibration compared to 4-cylinder engines
Ambiguous engine characteristics
Fewer motorcycles equipped with them

3-cylinder engines have more vibration compared to 4-cylinder engines, and because they combine characteristics of both 2-cylinder and 4-cylinder engines, some people find them to be a compromise.

As of 2025, new 3-cylinder motorcycles are only sold by Yamaha domestically, and by Triumph from the UK and MV Agusta from Italy among imported brands.

The limited number of models available with 3-cylinder engines also presents a disadvantage, as it restricts the choices of motorcycles.

Who are 3-cylinder motorcycles suitable for?

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A 3-cylinder engine combines the characteristics of 2-cylinder and 4-cylinder engines, but who is it suitable for?

We will explain who 3-cylinder engines are suitable for.

Those who want "the best of both worlds" from 2-cylinder and 4-cylinder engines

Because 3-cylinder engines are said to combine the best aspects of 2-cylinder and 3-cylinder engines, they are suitable for those who want to get the best of both worlds.

With strong power at low speeds and an engine characteristic that can rev to high RPMs similar to a 4-cylinder, it is an engine that provides well-balanced performance for everything from city riding to sport riding.

You can also enjoy the unique sound that only a 3-cylinder engine can produce, making it suitable for those who want to enjoy the best aspects of both 2-cylinder and 4-cylinder engines.

Those who want a lightweight and easy-to-handle motorcycle

A 3-cylinder engine is lighter and more compact than a 4-cylinder engine, making it suitable for those seeking a lightweight and easy-to-handle motorcycle.

Since the motorcycle's body can also be made lightweight and compact, it is easy to maneuver when pushing the bike off, or when making a U-turn, making it easy for beginners to handle.

Many models offer a good balance with their engine characteristics, making 3-cylinder motorcycles suitable for those looking for a lightweight and easy-to-handle bike.

Those who enjoy riding winding roads and mountain passes

Since it revs smoothly to high RPMs, a 3-cylinder motorcycle is suitable for those who enjoy sport riding on winding roads and mountain passes.

Lightweight and easy to handle, with smooth corner entry and exit, it provides nimble riding on winding roads with continuous turns.

With its lightweight and powerful, well-balanced engine characteristics that rev smoothly from low to high RPMs, a 3-cylinder engine is suitable for those who enjoy winding roads or commute daily on mountain passes.

Those who want comfortable touring

With its engine characteristics that rev smoothly to high RPMs and higher fuel efficiency than 4-cylinder engines, a 3-cylinder engine is suitable for those who want to enjoy comfortable touring.

With strong low-speed torque and an engine that revs smoothly to high RPMs, it is an engine that makes riding easy, from urban streets to highways.

Recommended 3-cylinder motorcycle models

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As of May 2025, the only manufacturers selling new 3-cylinder motorcycles are Yamaha, Triumph, and MV Agusta.

We will introduce recommended 3-cylinder motorcycle models from these manufacturers, so if you are considering purchasing one or are curious about what models are available, please check them out.

1. DAYTONA 660 Triumph 659.3cc

The Triumph "DAYTONA 660" is a full-faired 3-cylinder motorcycle designed for comfortable riding with a street-focused setup.

The name DAYTONA was given in commemoration of winning the Daytona 200-mile race in 1966. Although the DAYTONA 675 with a 3-cylinder engine debuted in 2006, production ended in 2016.

In 2019, sales resumed with the DAYTONA 660, equipped with a 659.3cc 3-cylinder engine.

Overall length x Overall width x Overall height (mm): 2,050 x 735 x 1,145
Weight: 202kg
Engine type: 4-stroke liquid-cooled inline 3-cylinder
Displacement: 659.3cc
Maximum output: 95ps
Maximum torque: 69N・m
Average fuel consumption (WMTC mode value): Not listed in catalog
New vehicle price (tax included): 1,085,000 yen
Used vehicle market price: Around 800,000 to 1,100,000 yen

2. MT-09/MT-09 SP YAMAHA 888cc

The Yamaha "MT-09" is a 3-cylinder motorcycle designed with the concept of a ride that the rider can control at will, making its debut in 2014.

Not only its engine characteristics and riding performance, but also its design, such as the gasoline tank shaped for easy knee gripping, are engineered to allow the rider and vehicle to become one.

Despite being equipped with an 888cc engine producing 120ps, it weighs only 193kg (SP is 194kg), comparable to a 400cc class motorcycle, making it an easy-to-handle model.

Overall length x Overall width x Overall height (mm): 2,090 x 820 x 1,145
Weight: 193kg (SP: 194kg)
Engine type: 4-stroke liquid-cooled inline 3-cylinder
Displacement: 888cc
Maximum output: 120ps
Maximum torque: 93N・m
Average fuel consumption (WMTC mode value): 21.1km/L (1 rider)
New vehicle price (tax included): 1,254,000 yen (SP: 1,441,000 yen)
Used vehicle market price: Around 600,000 to 1,500,000 yen

3. F3 800R MV Agusta 798cc

The F3 800R from MV Agusta, based in Italy, debuted in 2023 as a full-faired motorcycle equipped with a 3-cylinder engine.

It features a compact body with a liquid-cooled 3-cylinder engine that produces 144ps, offering nimble and powerful high-performance riding.

While the F3 800R boasts an artistic and beautiful style, a significant feature is its adoption of a reverse-rotating crankshaft, which is typically found only in racing motorcycles.

Overall length x Overall width x Overall height (mm): 2,030 x 730 x (height not specified)
Dry weight: 186kg
Engine type: 4-stroke liquid-cooled inline 3-cylinder
Displacement: 798cc
Maximum output: 147ps
Maximum torque: 88N・m
Average fuel consumption (WMTC mode value): Not listed in catalog
New vehicle price (tax included): 2,690,000 yen
Used vehicle market price: Around 1,250,000 to 1,800,000 yen

4. XSR900 GP YAMAHA 888cc (Displacement)

The Yamaha "XSR900 GP" is a 3-cylinder motorcycle characterized by its retro design, reminiscent of models released during the racer replica boom of the 1990s.

Initially launched as an overseas model, it was released in Japan in October 2023, featuring a distinctive design with a half-fairing.

Equipped with a liquid-cooled inline 3-cylinder engine producing 120ps, the XSR900 GP is a 3-cylinder motorcycle that, despite its retro appearance, comes standard with modern electronic controls such as traction control and front lift control.

Overall length x Overall width x Overall height (mm): 2,160 x 690 x 1,180
Weight: 200kg
Engine type: 4-stroke liquid-cooled inline 3-cylinder
Displacement: 888cc
Maximum output: 120ps
Maximum torque: 93N・m
Average fuel consumption (WMTC mode value): 21.1km/L (1 rider)
New vehicle price (tax included): 1,430,000 yen
Used vehicle market price: Around 1,150,000 to 1,700,000 yen

5. TIGER SPORT 660 Triumph 659.3 cc

The Triumph "TIGER SPORT 660" is an adventure sports 3-cylinder motorcycle that debuted in 2021.

Its 659.3cc liquid-cooled inline 3-cylinder engine, producing 81ps, is characterized by easy-to-handle power and maneuverability for everything from daily use to touring.

For the 2025 model, cruise control and a quick shifter are standard, and a "Sport" engine mode has been added, making it an even more comprehensive specification.

Overall length x Overall width x Overall height (mm): 2,070 x 830 x 1,398
Weight: 207kg
Engine type: 4-stroke liquid-cooled inline 3-cylinder
Displacement: 659.3cc
Maximum output: 81ps
Maximum torque: 64N・m
Average fuel consumption (WMTC mode value): Not listed in catalog
New vehicle price (tax included): 1,125,000 yen
Used vehicle market price: Around 750,000 to 1,150,000 yen

6. TRACER9 GT ABS YAMAHA 888cc

The Yamaha "TRACER9 GT ABS" is a sport tourer that offers agile and sporty riding enjoyment.

Featuring "Matrix LED headlights" that automatically adjust the illumination range based on traffic conditions, a front screen that can be infinitely adjusted within a 100mm range, and a high-density seat that reduces fatigue during rides, it's packed with features that make it an excellent touring companion.

With smooth torque characteristics across all RPMs, this 3-cylinder motorcycle offers smooth and powerful riding from low-speed to high-speed cruising.

Overall length x Overall width x Overall height (mm): 2,175 x 900 x 1,440
Weight: 227kg
Engine type: 4-stroke liquid-cooled inline 3-cylinder
Displacement: 888cc
Maximum output: 120ps
Maximum torque: 93N・m
Average fuel consumption (WMTC mode value): 20.9km/L (1 rider)
New vehicle price (tax included): 1,595,000 yen
Used vehicle market price: Around 650,000 to 1,600,000 yen

7. ROCKET 3 STORM R Triumph 2,457cc

For those who want to experience the unmatched power of a large-displacement 3-cylinder motorcycle, the Triumph "ROCKET 3 STORM R" is highly recommended.

Equipped with a liquid-cooled inline 3-cylinder engine with a displacement of 2,457cc, producing 182ps—a level beyond motorcycles—it is designed to accelerate strongly from any RPM range.

The model introduced in 2024 also features a "Hill Assist System" to aid uphill starts, and safety equipment such as cornering ABS and traction control, making it a fully equipped model.

Overall length x Overall width x Overall height (mm): 2,365 x 920 x 1,125
Weight: 318kg
Engine type: 4-stroke liquid-cooled inline 3-cylinder
Displacement: 2,457cc
Maximum output: 182ps
Maximum torque: 225N・m
Average fuel consumption (WMTC mode value): Not listed in catalog
New vehicle price (tax included): 2,989,000 yen
Used vehicle market price: Around 2,700,000 to 2,900,000 yen

8. XSR900 ABS YAMAHA 888cc

For those looking for a neo-retro 3-cylinder motorcycle, the Yamaha "XSR900 ABS" is highly recommended.

The 888cc liquid-cooled inline 3-cylinder engine is based on the MT-09, resulting in a crossplane concept motorcycle that responds quickly to rider input.

In contrast to its retro appearance, the XSR900 ABS is a 3-cylinder motorcycle that comes standard with modern electronic controls such as traction control, assist & slipper clutch, and ABS.

Overall length x Overall width x Overall height (mm): 2,155 x 790 x 1,160
Weight: 196kg
Engine type: 4-stroke liquid-cooled inline 3-cylinder
Displacement: 888cc
Maximum output: 120ps
Maximum torque: 93N・m
Average fuel consumption (WMTC mode value): 20.9km/L (1 rider)
New vehicle price (tax included): 1,320,000 yen
Used vehicle market price: Around 600,000 to 1,750,000 yen

9. TRIDENT 660 Triumph 659.3cc

The Triumph "TRIDENT 660," which debuted in October 2020, is an easy-to-handle large middle-class 3-cylinder roadster model.

Equipped with a 659.3cc liquid-cooled inline 3-cylinder engine, the 2025 model features standard quick shifter and cruise control, reducing the burden of riding.

With all lights being LED and an automatic turn signal cancellation function, it's a 3-cylinder motorcycle that allows riders to concentrate on their ride.

Overall length x Overall width x Overall height (mm): 2,020 x 795 x 1,089
Weight: 190kg
Engine type: 4-stroke liquid-cooled inline 3-cylinder
Displacement: 659.3cc
Maximum output: 81ps
Maximum torque: 64N・m
Average fuel consumption (WMTC mode value): Not listed in catalog
New vehicle price (tax included): 995,000 yen
Used vehicle market price: Around 650,000 to 1,050,000 yen

10. SPEED TRIPLE 1200 RS Triumph 1,160cc

The Triumph "SPEED TRIPLE 1200 RS" is a three-cylinder bike with an engine exceeding one liter, boasting a 1,160cc three-cylinder engine.

Equipped with a liquid-cooled in-line three-cylinder engine that produces 183ps, and with a vehicle weight of 199kg, you can enjoy a lightweight yet powerful ride.

This is a high-performance model featuring a charming front design, fully adjustable Öhlins suspension, and a Brembo braking system.

Overall length x Overall width x Overall height (mm): 2,150 x 875 x 1,395
Vehicle weight: 199kg
Engine type: 4-stroke liquid-cooled in-line 3-cylinder
Displacement: 1,160cc
Maximum output: 183ps
Maximum torque: 128N・m
Average fuel economy (WMTC mode value): Not listed in catalogue
New vehicle retail price (incl. tax): 2,225,000 yen
Used vehicle market price: Around 1,350,000 to 1,850,000 yen

How to Choose a 3-Cylinder Motorcycle [By Usage]

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People choose motorcycles for various reasons, such as "I want one mainly for city riding" or "I want a partner for touring."

Here, we will introduce how to choose a 3-cylinder motorcycle based on your purpose, so please use it as a reference when selecting your bike.

1. For City Riding and Daily Commuting

If you want a 3-cylinder motorcycle for city riding or daily commuting, a compact and easy-to-handle model is recommended.

The Triumph "TRIDENT 660" has a modest displacement of 659.3cc among 3-cylinder motorcycles and a lightweight body, making it suitable for city riding and everyday use.

City riding often involves frequent use of turn signals, but with its automatic turn signal cancellation function, you don't have to worry about forgetting to turn them off.

2. For Enjoying Touring

If you want to enjoy touring on a 3-cylinder motorcycle, a touring type is recommended. These models often feature cruise control to reduce fatigue during high-speed riding and allow for easy installation of storage options like panniers.

The Yamaha "TRACER9 GT ABS" is equipped with cruise control and a height-adjustable windscreen, enhancing comfort during high-speed travel.

The seat also uses highly cushioned material, making it less likely to accumulate fatigue during long rides, which is ideal for touring.

3. For Track Riding and Sport Riding

If you want to enjoy sport riding on a 3-cylinder motorcycle, such as track riding or winding mountain roads, choose a bike that emphasizes performance.

The Triumph "DAYTONA 660" is a lightweight and comfortable full-fairing 3-cylinder motorcycle with powerful low-end torque and smooth acceleration up to high RPMs, making it recommended for those who want to enjoy sport riding.

4. For Off-Road and Adventure

There are a limited number of new 3-cylinder adventure motorcycles available, including the Triumph "TIGER SPORT 660" and the MV Agusta "Enduro Veloce."

The TIGER SPORT 660 is a lightweight and powerful adventure sport bike that is easy to handle, making it a 3-cylinder motorcycle suitable for everything from daily use to touring.

The Enduro Veloce features spoke wheels, making it more suitable for off-road riding, and is equipped with a quick shifter and 8 customizable riding modes.